SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Direct Media Interface</title>

</head>

<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Direct Media Interface</span></span>

</h1>

</header>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For <i>DirectMedia</i>, a <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> multimedia <a href="Application_programming_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Application programming interface">APIs</a>, see <a href="DirectX" title="DirectX">DirectX</a>. For <i>DMI</i>, an interface for detecting components of a computer, see <a href="Desktop_Management_Interface" title="Desktop Management Interface">Desktop Management Interface</a>.</div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">DMI</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Direct Media Interface</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Created by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Supersedes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Intel_Hub_Architecture" title="Intel Hub Architecture">Intel Hub Architecture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Speed</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>v1.0 at 2 Gbit/s 2.5 GT/s (×4 1 GB/s)</li><li>v2.0 at 4 Gbit/s 5 GT/s (×4 2 GB/s)</li><li>v3.0 at 8 GT/s (×4 4 GB/s)</li><li>v4.0 at 16 GT/s (×8 16 GB/s)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Style</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Serial_communication" title="Serial communication">Serial</a></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>In <a href="Computing" title="Computing">computing</a>, <b>Direct Media Interface</b> (<b>DMI</b>) is <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s proprietary link between the <a href="Northbridge_(computing)" title="Northbridge (computing)">northbridge</a> (or <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a>) and <a href="Southbridge_(computing)" title="Southbridge (computing)">southbridge</a> (e.g. <a href="Platform_Controller_Hub" title="Platform Controller Hub">Platform Controller Hub</a> family) chipset on a computer <a href="Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was first used between the 9xx chipsets and the <a href="I/O_Controller_Hub" title="I/O Controller Hub">ICH6</a>, released in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 1">: 1 </span></sup> Previous Intel chipsets had used the <a href="Intel_Hub_Architecture" title="Intel Hub Architecture">Intel Hub Architecture</a> to perform the same function, and server chipsets use a similar interface called <i>Enterprise Southbridge Interface</i> (ESI).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the "DMI" name dates back to ICH6, <a href="Vendor_lock-in" title="Vendor lock-in">Intel mandates</a> specific combinations of compatible devices, so the presence of a DMI does not guarantee by itself that a particular northbridge–southbridge combination is allowed.

</p>

<p>DMI is essentially <a href="PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a>, using multiple lanes and <a href="Differential_signaling" class="mw-redirect" title="Differential signaling">differential signaling</a> to form a point-to-point link. Most implementations use a ×8 or ×4 link, while some mobile systems (e.g. 915GMS, 945GMS/GSE/GU and the <a href="Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Atom</a> N450) use a ×2 link, halving the bandwidth. The original implementation provides 10 Gbit/s (1 GB/s) in each direction using a ×4 link. The DMI provides support for concurrent traffic and <a href="Isochronous_timing" title="Isochronous timing">isochronous data transfer</a> capabilities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>DMI replaced FSB (<a href="Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-Side Bus</a>) which was eliminated in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Versions">Versions</h2></div>

<p><b>DMI 1.0</b>, introduced in 2004 with a data transfer rate of 1 GB/s with a ×4 link.

</p><p><b>DMI 2.0</b>, introduced in 2011, doubles the data transfer rate to 2 GB/s with a ×4 link. It is used to link an Intel <a href="CPU" class="mw-redirect" title="CPU">CPU</a> with the Intel <a href="Platform_Controller_Hub" title="Platform Controller Hub">Platform Controller Hub</a> (PCH), which supersedes the historic implementation of a separate northbridge and southbridge.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14">: 14 </span></sup>

</p><p><b>DMI 3.0</b>, released in August 2015, allows the 8 <a href="Gigatransfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gigatransfer">GT</a>/s transfer rate per lane, for a total of four lanes and 3.93 GB/s for the CPU–PCH link. It is used by two-chip variants of the Intel <a href="Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a> microprocessors, which are used in conjunction with <a href="Intel_100_Series_chipsets" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 100 Series chipsets">Intel 100 Series chipsets</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some low power (Skylake-U onwards) and ultra low power (Skylake-Y onwards) mobile Intel processors have the PCH integrated into the physical package as a separate die, referred to as <b>OPI</b> (On Package DMI interconnect Interface)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and effectively following the <a href="System_on_a_chip" title="System on a chip">system on a chip</a> (SoC) design layout.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

On 9 March 2015, Intel announced the Broadwell-based <a href="Xeon_D" title="Xeon D">Xeon D</a> as its first enterprise platform to fully incorporate the PCH in an SoC configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 2021, with the release of 500 series chipsets, Intel increased the amount of DMI 3.0 lanes from four to eight, doubling the bandwidth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b>DMI 4.0</b>, released on November 4, 2021 with 600 series chipsets, doubles the bandwidth each lane provides and is two times faster when compared to DMI 3.0. The number of DMI 4.0 lanes depends on chipset model used.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2></div>

<p>2005 <a href="Centrino" title="Centrino">Centrino mobile platform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup> At the time DMI linked the <a href="Northbridge_(computing)" title="Northbridge (computing)">GMCH</a> and <a href="I/O_Controller_Hub" title="I/O Controller Hub">I/O Controller Hub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 3">: 3 </span></sup>

</p><p>Northbridge devices supporting a northbridge DMI are the Intel 915-series, 925-series, 945-series, 955-series, 965-series, 975-series, G31/33, <a href="Intel_P35" title="Intel P35">P35</a>, X38, <a href="Intel_X48" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel X48">X48</a>, <a href="Intel_P45" title="Intel P45">P45</a> and <a href="Intel_X58" title="Intel X58">X58</a>.

</p><p>Processors supporting a northbridge DMI and, therefore, not using a separate northbridge, are the <a href="Intel_Atom" title="Intel Atom">Intel Atom</a>, <a href="Intel_Core_i3" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i3">Intel Core i3</a>, <a href="Intel_Core_i5" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i5">Intel Core i5</a>, and <a href="Intel_Core_i7" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i7">Intel Core i7</a> (8xx, 7xx and 6xx, but not 9xx). Processors supporting a northbridge DMI 2.0 and, therefore not using a separate northbridge, are the 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 series of the <a href="Intel_Core_i3" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i3">Intel Core i3</a>, <a href="Intel_Core_i5" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i5">Core i5</a> and <a href="Intel_Core_i7" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Core i7">Core i7</a>.

</p><p>Southbridge devices supporting a southbridge DMI are the ICH6, ICH7, ICH8, ICH9, <a href="ICH10" class="mw-redirect" title="ICH10">ICH10</a>, NM10, <a href="Intel_P55" title="Intel P55">P55</a>, H55, H57, Q57, PM55, HM55, HM57, QM57 and QS57.

</p><p>PCH devices supporting DMI 2.0 are the Intel B65, H61, H67, P67, Q65, Q67, Z68, HM65, HM67, QM67, QS67, B75, H77, Q75, Q77, Z75, Z77, <a href="Intel_X79" title="Intel X79">X79</a>, HM75, HM76, HM77, QM77, QS77, UM77, <a href="LGA_1150" title="LGA 1150">H81, B85, Q85, Q87, H87, Z87, H97, Z97, C222, C224, C226</a>, <a href="Intel_X99" title="Intel X99">X99</a>, H110,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and H310.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>PCH devices supporting DMI 3.0 are the Intel Z170, H170, HM170, Q170, QM170, Q150, B150, C236, CM236, C232, and C620.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="Kaby_Lake" title="Kaby Lake">Intel 200 series</a>, B360,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> H370,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Q370,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Z370,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Z390,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C246,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="Comet_Lake" title="Comet Lake">Intel 400 series</a> chipsets also support DMI 3.0.

</p><p>PCH devices supporting DMI 4.0 are the Intel 600 and 700 Series chipsets.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a> – Type of computer communication interface</li>

<li><a href="List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/www/in/en/support/articles/000094185/processors.html">"What Is the Direct Media Interface (DMI) of Intel Processors?"</a>. <i>Intel</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/research/2005-vol09-iss-1-intel-technology-journal.pdf">"Second-Generation Intel Centrino TM Mobile Technology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Intel Technology Journal</i>. <b>9</b> (1). February 17, 2005. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1535%2Fitj.0901">10.1535/itj.0901</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1535-864X">1535-864X</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/5520-5500-chipset-ioh-datasheet.pdf">"Intel 5520 Chipset and Intel 5500 Chipset Datasheet"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. March 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-11-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edc.intel.com/content/www/kr/ko/publications/specification-nuc12dcm-nuc12edb/direct-media-interface-dmi/">"Direct Media Interface (DMI) - 1.0 - ID:721073 | Intel NUC 12 Extreme / Pro X"</a>. <i>edc.intel.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-06-05</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guru3d.com/review/core-i7-975-review/page-4/">"Core i7 975 review (Page 4)"</a>. 2 June 2009.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/datasheets/3rd-gen-core-desktop-vol-1-datasheet.pdf">"Desktop 3rd Generation Intel Core Processor Family, Desktop Intel Pentium Processor Family, and Desktop Intel Celeron Processor Family: Datasheet - Volume 1 of 2"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>External Design Specification (EDS)</i>. <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>. November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-28</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Cutress2015" class="citation web cs1">Ian Cutress (2015-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150807180109/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9483/intel-skylake-review-6700k-6600k-ddr4-ddr3-ipc-6th-generation/3">"The Skylake CPU Architecture – The Intel 6th Gen Skylake Review: Core i7-6700K and i5-6600K Tested"</a>. <a href="AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/9483/intel-skylake-review-6700k-6600k-ddr4-ddr3-ipc-6th-generation/3">the original</a> on August 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIan_Cutress2015" class="citation web cs1">Ian Cutress (2015-08-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150806211525/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9485/intel-skylake-z170-motherboards-asrock-asus-gigabyte-msi-ecs-evga-supermicro">"Intel Skylake Z170 Motherboards: A Quick Look at 55+ New Products"</a>. <a href="AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/9485/intel-skylake-z170-motherboards-asrock-asus-gigabyte-msi-ecs-evga-supermicro">the original</a> on August 6, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-06</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGanesh_T_S2016" class="citation web cs1">Ganesh T S (2016-05-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160510102623/http://www.anandtech.com/show/10303/choosing-the-right-ssd-for-a-skylakeu-system">"Choosing the Right SSD for a Skylake-U System"</a>. <a href="AnandTech" title="AnandTech">AnandTech</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/10303/choosing-the-right-ssd-for-a-skylakeu-system">the original</a> on May 10, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-11-16</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGennadiy_Shvets2014" class="citation web cs1">Gennadiy Shvets (2014-06-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cpu-world.com/news_2014/2014062601_More_details_on_Skylake_processors.html">"More details on Skylake processors"</a>. <i>cpu-world.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-07-01</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCutress2015" class="citation web cs1">Cutress, Ian (9 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20150310092510/http://www.anandtech.com/show/9070/intel-xeon-d-launched-14nm-broadwell-soc-for-enterprise">"Intel Xeon D Launched: 14nm Broadwell SoC for Enterprise"</a>. <i>AnandTech</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anandtech.com/show/9070/intel-xeon-d-launched-14nm-broadwell-soc-for-enterprise">the original</a> on March 10, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210417123223/https://www.anandtech.com/show/16495/intel-rocket-lake-14nm-review-11900k-11700k-11600k/2">"Intel Rocket Lake (14nm) Review: Core i9-11900K, Core i7-11700K, and Core i5-11600K"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anandtech.com/show/16495/intel-rocket-lake-14nm-review-11900k-11700k-11600k/2">the original</a> on April 17, 2021.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/218828/intel-600-series-desktop-chipsets.html">"Intel 600 Series chipsets"</a>. <i>Intel Ark</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90590/Intel-GL82H110-PCH">"Intel H110 Chipset (Intel GL82H110 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/133348/Intel-H310-Chipset">"Intel H310 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90591/Intel-GL82Z170-PCH">"Intel Z170 Chipset (Intel GL82Z170 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90595/Intel-GL82H170-PCH">"Intel H170 Chipset (Intel GL82H170 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90584/Intel-GL82HM170-PCH">"Mobile Intel HM170 Chipset (Intel GL82HM170 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90587/Intel-GL82Q170-PCH">"Intel Q170 Chipset (Intel GL82Q170 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90583/Intel-GL82QM170-PCH">"Mobile Intel QM170 Chipset (Intel GL82QM170 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90588/Intel-GL82Q150-PCH">"Intel Q150 Chipset (Intel GL82Q150 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90592/Intel-GL82B150-PCH">"Intel B150 Chipset (Intel GL82B150 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90594/Intel-GL82C236-PCH">"Intel C236 Chipset (Intel GL82C236 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90593/Intel-GL82CM236-PCH">"Mobile Intel CM236 Chipset (Intel GL82CM236 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ark.intel.com/products/90578/Intel-GL82C232-PCH">"Intel C232 Chipset (Intel GL82C232 PCH)"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/133332/Intel-B360-Chipset">"Intel B360 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/133284/Intel-H370-Chipset">"Intel H370 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/133282/Intel-Q370-Chipset">"Intel Q370 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/125903/Intel-Z370-Chipset">"Intel Z370 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/133293/Intel-Z390-Chipset">"Intel Z390 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/products/147326/Intel-C246-chipset">"Intel C246 Chipset Product Specifications"</a>. <i>Intel ARK (Product Specs)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-22</span></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/218828/intel-600-series-desktop-chipsets.html">"Intel 600 Series chipsets"</a>. <i>Intel Ark</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ark.intel.com/content/www/us/en/ark/products/series/229717/intel-700-series-desktop-chipsets.html">"Intel 700 Series Chipsets"</a>. <i>Intel Ark</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Intel65" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Intel65" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="3Dlabs" title="3Dlabs">3Dlabs</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Intel_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Security">Intel Security</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mobileye" title="Mobileye">Mobileye</a></li>

<li><a href="Recon_Instruments" title="Recon Instruments">Recon Instruments</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtutech" title="Virtutech">Virtutech</a></li>

<li><a href="Wind_River_Systems" title="Wind River Systems">Wind River Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Xircom" title="Xircom">Xircom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint venture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">4Group Holdings (50% owned by <a href="Vantiva" title="Vantiva">Vantiva</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="3D_XPoint" title="3D XPoint">3D XPoint</a></li>

<li><a href="Accounts_%26_SSO" title="Accounts & SSO">Accounts & SSO</a></li>

<li><a href="Amplify_Tablet" title="Amplify Tablet">Amplify Tablet</a></li>

<li><a href="Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller" title="Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller">Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller</a></li>

<li><a href="Cache_Acceleration_Software" title="Cache Acceleration Software">Cache Acceleration Software</a></li>

<li><a href="Client_Initiated_Remote_Access" title="Client Initiated Remote Access">Client Initiated Remote Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Flexible_Display_Interface" title="Flexible Display Interface">Flexible Display Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Hella_Zippy" title="Hella Zippy">Hella Zippy</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_1103" title="Intel 1103">Intel 1103</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_AZ210" title="Intel AZ210">Intel AZ210</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Clear_Video" title="Intel Clear Video">Intel Clear Video</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Display_Power_Saving_Technology" title="Intel Display Power Saving Technology">Intel Display Power Saving Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Modular_Server_System" title="Intel Modular Server System">Intel Modular Server System</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Quick_Sync_Video" title="Intel Quick Sync Video">Intel Quick Sync Video</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Reader" title="Intel Reader">Intel Reader</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_system_development_kit" title="Intel system development kit">Intel system development kit</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Upgrade_Service" title="Intel Upgrade Service">Intel Upgrade Service</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel740" title="Intel740">Intel740</a></li>

<li><a href="InTru3D" title="InTru3D">InTru3D</a></li>

<li><a href="OFono" title="OFono">OFono</a></li>

<li><a href="Performance_acceleration_technology" title="Performance acceleration technology">Performance acceleration technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Shooting_Star" title="Intel Shooting Star">Shooting Star</a></li>

<li><a href="Stable_Image_Platform_Program" title="Stable Image Platform Program">Stable Image Platform Program</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_8086_mode" title="Virtual 8086 mode">Virtual 8086 mode</a></li>

</div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Intel_processors144" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_Intel_processors" title="List of Intel processors">Intel processors</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Intel_processors" title="List of Intel processors">Processors</a>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Celeron_processors" title="List of Intel Celeron processors">Celeron</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Pentium_processors" title="List of Intel Pentium processors">Pentium</a>

<li><a href="Intel_Quark#List_of_Intel_Quark_processors" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Itanium_processors" title="List of Intel Itanium processors">Itanium</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_chipsets" title="List of Intel chipsets">Chipsets</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="List_of_Intel_CPU_microarchitectures" title="List of Intel CPU microarchitectures">Microarchitectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pentium_M" title="Pentium M">P6 variant (Pentium M)</a></li>

<li><a href="Yonah_(microprocessor)" title="Yonah (microprocessor)">P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="NetBurst" title="NetBurst">NetBurst</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Penryn_(microarchitecture)" title="Penryn (microarchitecture)">Penryn</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Nehalem_(microarchitecture)" title="Nehalem (microarchitecture)">Nehalem</a>

<ul><li><a href="Westmere_(microarchitecture)" title="Westmere (microarchitecture)">Westmere</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sandy_Bridge" title="Sandy Bridge">Sandy Bridge</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ivy_Bridge_(microarchitecture)" title="Ivy Bridge (microarchitecture)">Ivy Bridge</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Haswell_(microarchitecture)" title="Haswell (microarchitecture)">Haswell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Broadwell_(microarchitecture)" title="Broadwell (microarchitecture)">Broadwell</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Skylake_(microarchitecture)" title="Skylake (microarchitecture)">Skylake</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cannon_Lake_(microprocessor)" title="Cannon Lake (microprocessor)">Cannon Lake</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sunny_Cove_(microarchitecture)" title="Sunny Cove (microarchitecture)">Sunny Cove</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cypress_Cove_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cypress Cove (microarchitecture)">Cypress Cove</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Willow_Cove" title="Willow Cove">Willow Cove</a></li>

<li><a href="Golden_Cove" title="Golden Cove">Golden Cove</a>

<ul><li><a href="Raptor_Cove" class="mw-redirect" title="Raptor Cove">Raptor Cove</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Redwood Cove</li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> <a href="Ultra-low-voltage_processor" title="Ultra-low-voltage processor">ULV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bonnell_(microarchitecture)" title="Bonnell (microarchitecture)">Bonnell</a>

<ul><li><a href="Saltwell_(microarchitecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltwell (microarchitecture)">Saltwell</a></li>

<li><a href="Silvermont" title="Silvermont">Silvermont</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Goldmont" title="Goldmont">Goldmont</a>

<ul><li><a href="Goldmont_Plus" title="Goldmont Plus">Goldmont Plus</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tremont_(microarchitecture)" title="Tremont (microarchitecture)">Tremont</a>

<ul><li><a href="Gracemont_(microarchitecture)" title="Gracemont (microarchitecture)">Gracemont</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Crestmont</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="x86-64_(64-bit)40" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a> (<a href="64-bit_computing" title="64-bit computing">64-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Core#Core_and_Core_Ultra_3/5/7/9" title="Intel Core">Core Ultra</a>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Binary-coded_decimal" title="Binary-coded decimal">BCD</a> oriented (<a href="4-bit_computing" title="4-bit computing">4-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">pre-x86 (<a href="8-bit_computing" title="8-bit computing">8-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a> (<a href="16-bit_computing" title="16-bit computing">16-bit</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="X87" title="X87">x87</a> (external <a href="Floating-point_unit" title="Floating-point unit">FPUs</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>8/16-bit databus</dt>

<dt>16-bit databus</dt>

<dt>32-bit databus</dt>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a> (<a href="32-bit_computing" title="32-bit computing">32-bit</a> x86)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="RapidCAD" title="RapidCAD">RapidCAD</a></li>

<li><a href="I486_OverDrive" title="I486 OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a> (1998)

<li><a href="Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pentium_(original)" title="Pentium (original)">Original i586</a></li>

<li><a href="Pentium_OverDrive" title="Pentium OverDrive">OverDrive</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Intel_P6-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel P6-based Xeon microprocessors">P6-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_NetBurst-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel NetBurst-based Xeon microprocessors">NetBurst-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Core-based_Xeon_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel Core-based Xeon microprocessors">Core-based</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Quark" title="Intel Quark">Quark</a></li>

<li><a href="Tolapai" title="Tolapai">Tolapai</a></li></ul>

<li><a href="Celeron" title="Celeron">Celeron</a>

<li><a href="Pentium" title="Pentium">Pentium</a>

<li><a href="Pentium_D#Smithfield_XE" title="Pentium D">Extreme Edition</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Nehalem-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Nehalem-based)">Nehalem-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Sandy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Sandy Bridge-based)">Sandy Bridge-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Ivy_Bridge-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Ivy Bridge-based)">Ivy Bridge-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Haswell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Haswell-based)">Haswell-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Broadwell-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Broadwell-based)">Broadwell-based</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_Xeon_processors_(Skylake-based)" title="List of Intel Xeon processors (Skylake-based)">Skylake-based</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dd><a href="Itanium" title="Itanium">Itanium</a></dd>

<dd><a href="StrongARM" title="StrongARM">StrongARM</a></dd>

<dd><a href="XScale" title="XScale">XScale</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tick%E2%80%93tock_model" title="Tick–tock model">Tick–tock model</a></li>

<li><a href="Process%E2%80%93architecture%E2%80%93optimization_model" title="Process–architecture–optimization model">Process–architecture–optimization model</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units" title="List of Intel graphics processing units">Intel GPUs</a>

<li><a href="Intel_Graphics_Technology" title="Intel Graphics Technology">Intel HD, UHD, and Iris Graphics</a></li>

<li><a href="PCI_IDE_ISA_Xcelerator" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI IDE ISA Xcelerator">PIIXs</a></li>

<li><a href="Stratix" title="Stratix">Stratix</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_codenames" title="List of Intel codenames">Codenames</a></li>

<li><a href="Larrabee_(microarchitecture)" title="Larrabee (microarchitecture)">Larrabee</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Litigation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Advanced_Micro_Devices%2C_Inc._v._Intel_Corp." title="Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.">Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. v. Intel Corp.</a></li>

<li><a href="High-Tech_Employee_Antitrust_Litigation" title="High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation">High-Tech Employee Antitrust Litigation</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Corp._v._Advanced_Micro_Devices%2C_Inc." title="Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.">Intel Corp. v. Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Corp._v._Hamidi" title="Intel Corp. v. Hamidi">Intel Corp. v. Hamidi</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Corporation_Inc._v_CPM_United_Kingdom_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Corporation Inc. v CPM United Kingdom Ltd">Intel Corporation Inc. v CPM United Kingdom Ltd</a></li>

<li><a href="Silvaco_Data_Systems_v._Intel_Corp." title="Silvaco Data Systems v. Intel Corp.">Silvaco Data Systems v. Intel Corp.</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gordon_Moore" title="Gordon Moore">Gordon Moore</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_Noyce" title="Robert Noyce">Robert Noyce</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">CEOs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Robert Noyce</li>

<li>Gordon Moore</li>

<li><a href="Andrew_Grove" title="Andrew Grove">Andrew Grove</a></li>

<li><a href="Craig_Barrett_(chief_executive)" title="Craig Barrett (chief executive)">Craig Barrett</a></li>

<li><a href="Paul_Otellini" title="Paul Otellini">Paul Otellini</a></li>

<li><a href="Brian_Krzanich" title="Brian Krzanich">Brian Krzanich</a></li>

<li><a href="Pat_Gelsinger" title="Pat Gelsinger">Pat Gelsinger</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Intel_Foundation_Achievement_Award" title="Intel Foundation Achievement Award">Intel Foundation Achievement Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Mac transition to Intel processors</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Architecture_Labs" title="Intel Architecture Labs">Intel Architecture Labs</a></li>

<li><a href="Classmate_PC" title="Classmate PC">Classmate PC</a></li>

<li><a href="Convera_Corporation" title="Convera Corporation">Convera Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Copy_Exactly!" title="Copy Exactly!">Copy Exactly!</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Developer_Forum" title="Intel Developer Forum">Intel Developer Forum</a></li>

<li><a href="Dynamic_video_memory_technology" title="Dynamic video memory technology">Dynamic video memory technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Extreme_Masters" title="Intel Extreme Masters">Intel Extreme Masters</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_microprocessors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel microprocessors">List of Intel microprocessors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_graphics_processing_units_(2013_or_earlier)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Intel graphics processing units (2013 or earlier)">List of Intel graphics processing units (2013 or earlier)</a></li>

<li><a href="I/O_Acceleration_Technology" title="I/O Acceleration Technology">I/O Acceleration Technology</a></li>

<li><a href="IA-32_Execution_Layer" title="IA-32 Execution Layer">IA-32 Execution Layer</a></li>

<li><a href="IM_Flash_Technologies" title="IM Flash Technologies">IM Flash Technologies</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Innovators_(book)" title="The Innovators (book)">The Innovators</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Inside_Films" title="Inside Films">Inside Films</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Inside_(2011_film)" title="Inside (2011 film)">Inside</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Beauty_Inside_(web_series)" title="The Beauty Inside (web series)">The Beauty Inside</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Power_Inside" title="The Power Inside">The Power Inside</a></i></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intel_ADX" title="Intel ADX">Intel ADX</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Capital" title="Intel Capital">Intel Capital</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Cluster_Ready" title="Intel Cluster Ready">Intel Cluster Ready</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Compute_Stick" title="Intel Compute Stick">Intel Compute Stick</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Ireland" title="Intel Ireland">Intel Ireland</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Mobile_Communications" title="Intel Mobile Communications">Intel Mobile Communications</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Outstanding_Researcher_Award" title="Intel Outstanding Researcher Award">Intel Outstanding Researcher Award</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_SHA_extensions" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel SHA extensions">Intel SHA extensions</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Teach" title="Intel Teach">Intel Teach</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_semiconductor_fabrication_plants" title="List of semiconductor fabrication plants">List of semiconductor fabrication plants</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Intel_manufacturing_sites" title="List of Intel manufacturing sites">List of Intel manufacturing sites</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Intel" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel">List of mergers and acquisitions by Intel</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Museum" title="Intel Museum">Intel Museum</a></li>

<li><a href="OnCue" class="mw-redirect" title="OnCue">OnCue</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_PRO/Wireless" title="Intel PRO/Wireless">Intel PRO/Wireless</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_International_Science_and_Engineering_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel International Science and Engineering Fair">Intel International Science and Engineering Fair</a></li>

<li><a href="Regeneron_Science_Talent_Search" title="Regeneron Science Talent Search">Regeneron Science Talent Search</a></li>

<li><a href="Simple_Firmware_Interface" title="Simple Firmware Interface">Simple Firmware Interface</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-chip_Cloud_Computer" title="Single-chip Cloud Computer">Single-chip Cloud Computer</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_Guard_Extensions" title="Software Guard Extensions">Software Guard Extensions</a></li>

<li><a href="Supervisor_Mode_Access_Prevention" title="Supervisor Mode Access Prevention">Supervisor Mode Access Prevention</a></li>

<li><a href="Tarari_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarari (company)">Tarari</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Tera-Scale" title="Intel Tera-Scale">Intel Tera-Scale</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_Intel" title="Timeline of Intel">Timeline of Intel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses462" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Technical_and_de_facto_standards_for_wired_computer_buses462" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Technical_standard" title="Technical standard">Technical</a> and <a href="De_facto_standard" title="De facto standard"><i>de facto</i> standards</a> for <a href="Wired_communication" title="Wired communication">wired</a> <a href="Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">computer buses</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="System_bus" title="System bus">System bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Front-side_bus" title="Front-side bus">Front-side bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Daisy_chain_(electrical_engineering)" title="Daisy chain (electrical engineering)">Daisy chain</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_bus" title="Control bus">Control bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Address_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Address bus">Address bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_contention" title="Bus contention">Bus contention</a></li>

<li><a href="Bus_mastering" title="Bus mastering">Bus mastering</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_on_a_chip" title="Network on a chip">Network on a chip</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_interface_bit_rates#Computer_buses" title="List of interface bit rates">List of bus bandwidths</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Multibus" title="Multibus">Multibus</a></li>

<li><a href="Unibus" title="Unibus">Unibus</a></li>

<li><a href="VAXBI_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="VAXBI bus">VAXBI</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a></li>

<li><a href="Europe_Card_Bus" title="Europe Card Bus">Europe Card Bus</a></li>

<li><a href="STEbus" title="STEbus">STEbus</a></li>

<li><a href="Zorro_II" title="Zorro II">Zorro II</a></li>

<li><a href="Zorro_III" title="Zorro III">Zorro III</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_Automated_Measurement_and_Control" title="Computer Automated Measurement and Control">CAMAC</a></li>

<li><a href="FASTBUS" title="FASTBUS">FASTBUS</a></li>

<li><a href="HP_Precision_Bus" title="HP Precision Bus">HP Precision Bus</a></li>

<li><a href="NuBus" title="NuBus">NuBus</a></li>

<li><a href="TURBOchannel" title="TURBOchannel">TURBOchannel</a></li>

<li><a href="InfiniBand" title="InfiniBand">InfiniBand</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li>

<li><a href="PCI-X" title="PCI-X">PCI Extended (PCI-X)</a></li>

<li><a href="PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express (PCIe)</a></li>

<li><a href="Compute_Express_Link" title="Compute Express Link">Compute Express Link (CXL)</a></li>

<li><a href="RapidIO" title="RapidIO">RapidIO</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_QuickPath_Interconnect" title="Intel QuickPath Interconnect">Intel QuickPath Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="NVLink" title="NVLink">NVLink</a></li>

<li><a href="HyperTransport" title="HyperTransport">HyperTransport</a>

<ul><li><a href="Infinity_Fabric" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinity Fabric">Infinity Fabric</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Intel_Ultra_Path_Interconnect" title="Intel Ultra Path Interconnect">Intel Ultra Path Interconnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Coherent_Accelerator_Processor_Interface" title="Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface">Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface (CAPI)</a></li>

<li><a href="SpaceWire" title="SpaceWire">SpaceWire</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Storage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Floppy_disk_drive_interface" title="Floppy disk drive interface">Floppy connector</a></li>

<li><a href="Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">Parallel ATA (PATA)</a></li>

<li><a href="HIPPI" title="HIPPI">HIPPI</a></li>

<li><a href="SATA" title="SATA">Serial ATA (SATA)</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel</a></li>

<li><a href="ESCON" title="ESCON">ESCON</a></li>

<li><a href="Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a></li>

<li><a href="SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATAe</a></li>

<li>PCI Express (via <a href="Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">AHCI</a> or <a href="NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical device interface)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peripheral</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Desktop_Bus" title="Apple Desktop Bus">Apple Desktop Bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Atari_SIO" title="Atari SIO">Atari SIO</a></li>

<li><a href="Commodore_bus" title="Commodore bus">Commodore bus</a></li>

<li><a href="Lightning_(connector)" title="Lightning (connector)">Lightning</a></li>

<li><a href="IEEE_1284" title="IEEE 1284">IEEE-1284 (parallel port)</a></li>

<li><a href="IEEE_1394" title="IEEE 1394">IEEE-1394 (FireWire)</a></li>

<li><a href="I%C2%B2C" title="I²C">I²C</a> (<a href="ACCESS.bus" title="ACCESS.bus">ACCESS.bus</a>, <a href="Power_Management_Bus" title="Power Management Bus">PMBus</a>, <a href="System_Management_Bus" title="System Management Bus">SMBus</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Parallel_SCSI" title="Parallel SCSI">Parallel SCSI</a></li>

<li><a href="Profibus" title="Profibus">Profibus</a></li>

<li><a href="Camera_Link" title="Camera Link">Camera Link</a></li>

<li><a href="PCI_Express#PCI_Express_External_Cabling" title="PCI Express">External PCIe</a></li>

<li><a href="Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ADAT_Lightpipe" title="ADAT Lightpipe">ADAT Lightpipe</a></li>

<li><a href="Intel_High_Definition_Audio" title="Intel High Definition Audio">Intel HD Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="McASP" title="McASP">McASP</a></li>

<li><a href="TOSLINK" title="TOSLINK">TOSLINK</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portable</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="ExpressCard" title="ExpressCard">ExpressCard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Embedded</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Multidrop_bus" title="Multidrop bus">Multidrop bus</a></li>

<li><a href="CoreConnect" title="CoreConnect">CoreConnect</a></li>

<li><a href="Wishbone_(computer_bus)" title="Wishbone (computer bus)">Wishbone</a></li>

<li><a href="SLIMbus" title="SLIMbus">SLIMbus</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Interfaces are listed by their speed in the (roughly) ascending order, so the interface at the end of each section should be the fastest.<br><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-06" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Direct_Media_Interface&oldid=1304461782">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>